软件更新提示 boot 空间不够
原因
安装 Ubuntu 的时候给 /boot 分区设置的空间是 1G，长久更新累计的内核文件占满了空间
先看下当前系统内核：
# nathan @ nathan-tp in /opt [1:53:27]
$ uname -a
Linux nathan-tp 5.19.0-35-generic #36~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Feb 17 15:17:25 UTC 2 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
看下安装内核版本列表：
# nathan @ nathan-tp in /opt [1:55:46]
$ sudo dpkg --get-selections |grep linux-image
[sudo] password for nathan:
linux-image-5.13.0-37-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.13.0-39-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.13.0-40-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.13.0-41-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.13.0-44-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.13.0-48-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.13.0-51-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.13.0-52-generic install
linux-image-5.15.0-41-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-43-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-46-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-47-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-48-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-50-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-52-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-53-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-56-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-57-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-58-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-60-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-67-generic install
linux-image-5.15.0-69-generic install
linux-image-5.19.0-32-generic install
linux-image-5.19.0-35-generic install
linux-image-5.19.0-38-generic install
linux-image-5.8.0-43-generic install
linux-image-generic install
linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04 install
install 是安装的，deinstall 是已经卸载的。
看下 /boot 下的空间占用，可以看到几十或一百多兆的旧版内核文件。
# nathan @ nathan-tp in /boot [0:44:00]
$ ls -lh
total 726M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 252K Jun 17 2022 config-5.13.0-52-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 256K Feb 22 22:01 config-5.15.0-67-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 264K Jan 30 23:44 config-5.19.0-32-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 264K Feb 17 22:31 config-5.19.0-35-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 243K Feb 5 2021 config-5.8.0-43-generic
drwx------ 5 root root 1.0K Jan 1 1970 efi
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4.0K Apr 1 09:05 grub
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Mar 4 15:11 initrd.img -> initrd.img-5.15.0-67-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 96M Apr 1 09:24 initrd.img-5.13.0-52-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 163M Apr 1 09:24 initrd.img-5.15.0-67-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 173M Apr 1 09:23 initrd.img-5.19.0-32-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 174M Apr 1 09:23 initrd.img-5.19.0-35-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38M Apr 1 09:24 initrd.img-5.8.0-43-generic
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Mar 4 15:14 initrd.img.old -> initrd.img-5.19.0-35-generic
drwx------ 2 root root 16K Mar 25 2022 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 179K Feb 7 2022 memtest86+.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 181K Feb 7 2022 memtest86+.elf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 181K Feb 7 2022 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
-rw------- 1 root root 5.7M Jun 17 2022 System.map-5.13.0-52-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6.0M Feb 22 22:01 System.map-5.15.0-67-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6.2M Jan 30 23:44 System.map-5.19.0-32-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6.2M Feb 17 22:31 System.map-5.19.0-35-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 5.3M Feb 5 2021 System.map-5.8.0-43-generic
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Mar 4 15:11 vmlinuz -> vmlinuz-5.15.0-67-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 9.8M Jun 17 2022 vmlinuz-5.13.0-52-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 12M Feb 22 22:03 vmlinuz-5.15.0-67-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 12M Jan 30 23:46 vmlinuz-5.19.0-32-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 12M Feb 17 22:33 vmlinuz-5.19.0-35-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9.3M Feb 10 2021 vmlinuz-5.8.0-43-generic
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Mar 4 15:11 vmlinuz.old -> vmlinuz-5.19.0-35-generic
看下占用，100%使用，没空间了：
# nathan @ nathan-tp in /boot [1:48:40]
$ df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs tmpfs 3.2G 2.3M 3.2G 1% /run
/dev/sda6 ext4 281G 33G 234G 13% /
tmpfs tmpfs 16G 184M 16G 2% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
/dev/sda7 ext4 209G 87G 112G 44% /home
/dev/sda4 fuseblk 120G 80G 40G 67% /media/nathan/win-c
/dev/sda5 ext4 944M 926M 0 100% /boot
/dev/sda2 fuseblk 312G 262G 50G 85% /media/nathan/win-d
/dev/sda3 vfat 596M 34M 563M 6% /boot/efi
tmpfs tmpfs 3.2G 208K 3.2G 1% /run/user/1000
卸载没用的旧版内核
把旧内核卸载腾出空间：
# nathan @ nathan-tp in /boot [1:38:55] C:130
$ sudo apt purge linux-image-5.8.0-43-generic
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
linux-image-generic : Depends: linux-image-5.15.0-69-generic but it is not going to be installed
linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-69-generic : Depends: linux-image-5.15.0-69-generic but it is not going to be installed or
linux-image-unsigned-5.15.0-69-generic but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
根据提示先修复：
# nathan @ nathan-tp in /boot [1:43:43] C:100
$ sudo apt --fix-broken install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
...
...
Preparing to unpack .../linux-image-5.15.0-69-generic_5.15.0-69.76_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-image-5.15.0-69-generic (5.15.0-69.76) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-5.15.0-69-generic_5.15.0-69.76_amd64.deb (--unpack):
cannot copy extracted data for './boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-69-generic' to '/boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-69-generic.dpkg-new': failed to write (No spac
e left on device)
No apport report written because the error message indicates a disk full error
dpkg-deb: error: paste subprocess was killed by signal (Brok
en pipe)
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/linux-modules-5.15.0-69-generic_5.15.0-69.76_amd64.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-5.15.0-69-generic_5.15.0-69.76_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
其实就是 /boot 没空间了解压没地方放了，所以可以先把一些跟要卸载无关的内核文件先移到其他地方去，腾出空间，再执行修复就成功了。
然后就可以删除了，删除后腾出空间，记得把移到别的文件夹的文件移动回来，然后再删除对应版本的文件。
最后就可以 apt 或 apt-fast update、upgrade 更新软件了。